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Evaluation of the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on air quality in southern China from long-term historical observations

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1460-0

摘要：

•Strong ENSO influence on AOD is found in southern China region.

关键词： El Niño–Southern Oscillation     Aerosol concentration     Aerosol particle size     Contribution separation     Decadal trend     Southern China    

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Particle size distribution and shape control of Au nanoparticles used for particle gun

S. Kida, M. Ichiji, J. Watanabe, I. Hirasawa

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 60-64 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1313-x

摘要： Au nanoparticles are expected for the media to transfer genes into plants. However, the control of particle size distribution (PSD) and shape of Au nanoparticles is too difficult to design and prepare particles with suitable quality for the gene supporting media. Reduction crystallization experiments were performed in aqueous solution in order to clarify the effect of feeding conditions such as feeding profile, feeding rate, and feeding amount on PSD and shape of Au nanoparticles. Ascorbic acid (AsA) was selected as a reducing agent because it is safe for plants. Au particles of 50 nm, 50–200 nm, and 150–400 nm were obtained in batch operation, single-jet, and double-jet, respectively. Moreover, in single-jet and double-jet, the mean size of the obtained Au particles increases with the decrease of feeding rate or the increase of feeding amount. It is concluded that PSD of Au nanoparticles can be controlled in the range of 50–400 nm by changing feeding conditions of AsA and HAuCl aqueous solution.

关键词： reduction crystallization     particle size distribution     gene transferring media    

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Effect of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle size on selective catalytic oxidation of N,N-Dimethylformamide

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1557-0

摘要：

● A series of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for DMF selective catalytic oxidation.

关键词： N     N-Dimethylformamide     Selective catalytic oxidation     Cu-ZSM-5     CuO particle size    

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Effect of particle size on coal char----NO reaction

Xiumin JIANG, Xiangyong HUANG, Jiaxun LIU, Chaoqun ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 221-228 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0146-x

摘要： Surface nitrogen complex formation upon reaction of coal char with NO at 600°C was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Particle size had a noticeable effect on the magnitude of changes, which was observed on the surface of the coal char in the nitrogen functional group. The surface increased its -NO, pyridine-N-oxide, and -NO functional group contents with a decrease in particle size. The chemisorption processes of NO molecules on the char were simulated using the ab initio Hartree–Fock method and density functional theory. Molecular modeling was applied to determine the thermodynamics of the reactions. Mechanisms were proposed to explain the formation of the -NO, pyridine-N-oxide, and -NO functional groups at 600°C.

关键词： NO reduction     chemisorption     particle size     X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy     density functional theory (DFT)    

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Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

Xinfeng WANG, Wenxing WANG, Likun XUE, Xiaomei GAO, Wei NIE, Yangchun YU, Yang ZHOU, Lingxiao YANG, Qingzhu ZHANG, Tao WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 815-826 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0503-6

摘要： To understand the size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and the factors influencing secondary aerosol formation in the upper boundary layer in South Central China, size-segregated aerosol samples were collected using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) in spring 2009 at the summit of Mount Heng (1269 m asl), followed by subsequent laboratory analyses of 13 inorganic and organic water-soluble ions. During non-dust-storm periods, the average PM concentration was 41.8 μg·m , contributing to 55% of the PM . Sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium, the dominant ions in the fine particles, amounted to 46.8% of the PM . Compared with Mount Tai in the North China Plain, the concentrations of both fine and coarse particles and the ions contained therein were substantially lower. When the air masses from Southeast Asia prevailed, intensive biomass burning there led to elevated concentrations of sulfates, nitrates, ammonium, potassium, and chloride in the fine particles at Mount Heng. The air masses originating from the north Gobi brought heavy dust storms that resulted in the remarkable production of sulfates, ammonium, methane sulfonic acid, and oxalates in the coarse particles. Generally, the sulfates were primarily produced in the form of (NH ) SO in the droplet mode via heterogeneous aqueous reactions. Only approximately one-third of the nitrates were distributed in the fine mode, and high humidity facilitated the secondary formation of fine nitrates. The heterogeneous formation of coarse nitrates and ammonium on dry alkaline dust surfaces was found to be less efficient than that on the coarse particles during non-dust-storm periods.

关键词： aerosol water-soluble ions     size distributions     secondary formation     dust storm     Mount Heng    

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A spectrometer for measuring particle size distributions in the range of 3 nm to 10 μm

Jieqiong LIU,Jingkun JIANG,Qiang ZHANG,Jianguo DENG,Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 63-72 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0754-x

摘要： A spectrometer combining electrical mobility sizing and aerodynamic sizing was developed to measure aerosol size distributions in the range of 3 nm to 10 μm. It includes three instruments which cover different size ranges (a nano scanning mobility particle sizer (NSMPS, 3 – 60 nm), a regular scanning mobility particle sizer (RSMPS, 40 – 700 nm), and an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS, 550 nm – 10 μm)). High voltage and sheath flow of the NSMPS and RSMPS were supplied using two home-built control boxes. A LabVIEW program was developed for spectrometer automatic operation. A linear inversion method was applied to correct particle multiple charging effects and to integrate data from the three instruments into a wide-range size distribution. Experiments were conducted to compare distributions in the overlap size ranges measured by three instruments. Good agreement between the NSMPS and RSMPS was achieved after correcting for the difference in counting efficiencies of the two particle counters. Aerodynamic size distributions reported by the APS were converted to mobility size distributions by applying an effective density method. Distributions measured by the RSMPS and APS were consistent in the overlap size range of 550 – 700 nm. A full spectrum in the size range of 3 nm to 10 μm was demonstrated by measuring aerosol generated using a mixture of different sized polystyrene latex spheres.

关键词： spectrometer     particle size distribution     electrical mobility     linear inversion     aerodynamic diameter    

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A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Jie ZHANG, Yongliang MA, Yunshan GE, Jianwei TAN,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 30-34 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0011-x

摘要： Oxygenated fuels are known to reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions from diesel engines. In this study, 100% soy methyl ester (SME) biodiesel fuel (B100) and a blend of 10% acetal denoted by A-diesel with diesel fuel were tested as oxygenated fuels. Particle size and number distributions from a diesel engine fueled with oxygenated fuels and base diesel fuel were measured using an Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI). Measurements were made at ten steady-state operational modes of various loads at two engine speeds. It was found that the geometric mean diameters of particles from SME and A-diesel were lower than that from base diesel fuel. Compared to diesel fuel, SME emitted more ultra-fine particles at rated speed while emitting less ultra-fine particles at maximum speed. Ultra-fine particle number concentrations of A-diesel were much higher than those of base diesel fuel at most test modes.

关键词： oxygenated fuel     diesel particulate matter     particle size distribution     biofuel    

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Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1662-8

摘要：

● A single particle observation was conducted in a high traffic flow road environment.

关键词： Non-exhaust emissions     SPAMS     PMF     Roadside environment    

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小粒径和球形气溶胶对2003—2018年陆地总气溶胶光学厚度下降趋势贡献显著 Article

桂柯, 车慧正,李雷,郑宇,张磊,赵胡笳,仲峻霆,要文瑞,梁苑新,王亚强,张小曳

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 82-92 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.017

摘要：

气溶胶光学和微物理特性是估计大气气溶胶气候强迫最大的不确定性之一。尽管气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）在全球及区域尺度上的演变趋势已经得到了广泛的研究，但对与气溶胶粒子特性相关的类型依赖AOD的变化趋势仍然知之甚少。在此，本研究利用多角度成像光谱辐射计（MISR）反演的气溶胶光学特性数据集，研究了2003—2018 年期间陆地总AOD（TAOD）及其按粒径大小和粒形分离的类型依赖AOD的10 年尺度趋势，分析了TAOD趋势和不同类型AOD演变之间的关系，并量化了不同类型AOD对TAOD趋势的相对贡献。通过将TAOD值分别按0.15、0.40 和0.80 的阈值划分为4 个不同的气溶胶污染等级（APL），进一步探讨了TAOD演变与APL 发生频率年际变化之间的关系。研究结果表明，2003—2018 年期间，除南亚地区外，大多数陆地区域的空气质量都有明显改善，表现为从轻度污染转变为清洁状态。然而，不同的APL对TAOD变化的影响及其相关程度具有显著的区域性差异。此外，自2003 年以来，陆地上的年均TAOD下降趋势达到0.47%⋅a−1 （通过95%置信度检验）。这种显著减少主要归因于小粒径（直径小于0.7 mm）AOD（SAOD）和球形AOD（SPAOD）的持续减少（分别为−0.74%⋅a−1和−0.46%⋅a−1）。统计分析表明，SAOD和SPAOD分别占TAOD的57.5%和89.6%，但对TAOD的趋势贡献可达82.6%和90.4%。最后，研究表明由硫酸盐、有机物和黑碳气溶胶组成的小粒径和球形气溶胶在驱动陆地TAOD年际变化中起主导作用。

关键词： 气溶胶光学厚度     多角度成像光谱辐射计     气溶胶污染等级     气溶胶类型     粒径和粒形    

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火灾标准火烟雾颗粒测量及粒径尺度分布函数研究

疏学明,郑魁,袁宏永,姚斌

《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第8期   页码 51-55

摘要：

烟雾是火灾探测的重要参量，烟雾颗粒粒径及其尺度分布直接影响到感烟探测器的灵敏度，而目前有关烟雾颗粒粒径的研究相当匮乏。采用扫描迁移率粒子测量仪对火灾标准火烟雾颗粒的粒径大小及其分布进行实验测量，并采用数学拟合方法系统研究了烟雾颗粒粒径分布函数，研究结果表明对数正态分布函数较好地描述了烟雾颗粒尺度分布特征，其结论有益于火灾探测基础研究的发展。

关键词： 烟雾     颗粒     粒径     分布函数    

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Characteristics of mass distributions of aerosol particle and its inorganic water-soluble ions in summer

ZHAO Peng, ZHU Tong, LIANG Baosheng, HU Min, KANG Ling, GONG Jicheng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第2期   页码 159-165 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0028-y

摘要： Agricultural activity is one of the most important sources of aerosol particles. To understand the mass distribution and sources of aerosol particles and their inorganic water-soluble ions in a suburb farmland of Beijing, particle samples were collected using a microorifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI) in the summer of 2004 in a suburb vegetable field. The distribution of the particles and their inorganic water-soluble ions in the diameter range of 0.18 18 mm were measured. The dominant fine particle ions were SO, NO, and NH. The association of day-to-day variation of the concentration of these ions with temperature, humidity, and solar radiation suggested that they are formed by the reaction of NH3 released from the vegetable field with the acid species produced from photochemical reactions. Fine particle K is likely from vegetation emission and biomass burning. Coarse particles like Ca, Mg, NO, and SO are suggested to come from the mechanical process by which the soil particle entered the atmosphere, and from the reaction of the acid species at the surface of the soil particle. The results show that fertilizer and soil are important factors determining the aerosol particle over agricultural fields, and vegetable fields in suburban Beijing contribute significantly to the aerosol particle.

关键词： diameter     atmosphere     suburban     contribute     agricultural    

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A novel light fluctuation spectrum method for in-line particle sizing

Shouxuan QIN, Xiaoshu CAI, Li MA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 89-97 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0176-z

摘要： This paper discusses two problems in in-line particle sizing when using light fluctuation method. First, by retrieving the ratio of particle concentrations at different time, the intensity of incident light is obtained. There exists narrow error between the calculated and pre-detected value of the intensity of incident light. Secondly, by combining spectrum analysis with Gregory’s theory, a multi-sub-size zone model is proposed, with which the relationship between the distribution of turbidity and the particle size distribution (PSD) can be established, and an algorithm developed to determine the distribution of turbidity. Experiments conducted in the laboratory indicate that the measured size distribution of pulverized coal conforms well with the imaging result.

关键词： in-line measurement     particle size distribution (PSD)     incident light intensity     particle concentration     light fluctuation    

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Single particle analysis of ambient aerosols in Shanghai during the World Exposition, 2010: two case

Shikang TAO, Xinning WANG, Hong CHEN, Xin YANG, Mei LI, Lei LI, Zhen ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 391-401 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0355-x

摘要： A TSI Model 3800 aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for single-particle analysis in Shanghai during the World Exposition (EXPO), 2010. Measurements on two extreme cases: polluted day (1st May) and clean day (25th September) were compared to show how meteorological conditions affected the concentration and composition of ambient aerosols. Mass spectra of 90496 and 50407 particles were analyzed respectively during the two sampling periods. The ART-2a neural network algorithm was applied to sort the collected particles. Seven major classes of particles were obtained: dust, sea salt, industrial, biomass burning, organic carbon (OC), elementary carbon (EC), and NH -rich particles. Number concentration of ambient aerosols showed a strong anti-correlation with the boundary layer height variation. The external mixing states of aerosols were quite different during two sampling periods because of different air parcel trajectories. Number fraction of biomass burning particles (43.3%) during polluted episode was much higher than that (21.6%) of clean time. Air parcels from the East China Sea on clean day diluted local pollutant concentration and increased the portion of sea salt particle dramatically (13.3%). The large contribution of biomass burning particles in both cases might be an indication of a constant regional background of biomass burning emission. Mass spectrum analysis showed that chemical compositions and internal mixing states of almost all the particle types were more complicate during polluted episode compared with those observed in clean time. Strong nitrate signals in the mass spectra suggested that most of the particles collected on polluted day had gone through some aging processes before reaching the sampling site.

关键词： ambient aerosol     aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer     Shanghai     world exposition    

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Soot size distribution in lightly sooting premixed flames of benzene and toluene

Wang LIU, Jiaqi ZHAI, Baiyang LIN, He LIN, Dong HAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第1期   页码 18-26 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0663-6

摘要： The evolution of particle size distribution function (PSDF) of soot in premixed flames of benzene and toluene was studied on a burner stabilized stagnation (BSS) flame platform. The cold gas velocities were changed to hold the maximum flame temperatures of different flames approximately constant. The PSDFs of all the test flames exhibited a bimodal distribution, i.e., a small-size nucleation mode and a large-size accumulation mode. It was observed that soot nucleation and particle growth in the benzene flame were stronger than those in the toluene flame at short residence times. At longer residence times, the PSDFs of the two flames were similar, and the toluene flame showed a larger particle size distribution range and a higher particle volume fraction than the benzene flame.

关键词： premixed flame     soot     particle size distribution function     benzene     toluene    

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Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures

Christopher BECKETT, Charles AUGARDE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 151-159 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0109-7

摘要： There is increasing interest in the use of earthen construction materials, such as rammed earth, due to their inherent sustainability. These materials have been used by man for thousands of years and some of the earliest examples can be found in China. Features of the structures of these materials arise from the means of production. In particular, in situ earthen construction materials exhibit strong anisotropy due to their layered nature. A more subtle structure effect arises from the way that the earth mixture is deposited. This paper reviews and discusses stratification effects in dry soil mixtures, including some original experimental work, and indicates some links between the features of the dry mixtures and earthen construction materials. Improved understanding of the physical processes in play will allow more accurate specification of these materials in the future, and hence spread their use.

关键词： rammed earth     stratification     particle size distribution     pore size distribution    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Evaluation of the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on air quality in southern China from long-term historical observations

期刊论文

Particle size distribution and shape control of Au nanoparticles used for particle gun

S. Kida, M. Ichiji, J. Watanabe, I. Hirasawa

期刊论文

Effect of Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with different CuO particle size on selective catalytic oxidation of N,N-Dimethylformamide

期刊论文

Effect of particle size on coal char----NO reaction

Xiumin JIANG, Xiangyong HUANG, Jiaxun LIU, Chaoqun ZHANG

期刊论文

Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

Xinfeng WANG, Wenxing WANG, Likun XUE, Xiaomei GAO, Wei NIE, Yangchun YU, Yang ZHOU, Lingxiao YANG, Qingzhu ZHANG, Tao WANG

期刊论文

A spectrometer for measuring particle size distributions in the range of 3 nm to 10 μm

Jieqiong LIU,Jingkun JIANG,Qiang ZHANG,Jianguo DENG,Jiming HAO

期刊论文

A comparative study of particle size distribution from two oxygenated fuels and diesel fuel

Xiaoyan SHI, Kebin HE, Jie ZHANG, Yongliang MA, Yunshan GE, Jianwei TAN,

期刊论文

Identify the contribution of vehicle non-exhaust emissions: a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer

期刊论文

小粒径和球形气溶胶对2003—2018年陆地总气溶胶光学厚度下降趋势贡献显著

桂柯, 车慧正,李雷,郑宇,张磊,赵胡笳,仲峻霆,要文瑞,梁苑新,王亚强,张小曳

期刊论文

火灾标准火烟雾颗粒测量及粒径尺度分布函数研究

疏学明,郑魁,袁宏永,姚斌

期刊论文

Characteristics of mass distributions of aerosol particle and its inorganic water-soluble ions in summer

ZHAO Peng, ZHU Tong, LIANG Baosheng, HU Min, KANG Ling, GONG Jicheng

期刊论文

A novel light fluctuation spectrum method for in-line particle sizing

Shouxuan QIN, Xiaoshu CAI, Li MA

期刊论文

Single particle analysis of ambient aerosols in Shanghai during the World Exposition, 2010: two case

Shikang TAO, Xinning WANG, Hong CHEN, Xin YANG, Mei LI, Lei LI, Zhen ZHOU

期刊论文

Soot size distribution in lightly sooting premixed flames of benzene and toluene

Wang LIU, Jiaqi ZHAI, Baiyang LIN, He LIN, Dong HAN

期刊论文

Structure creation in earthen construction materials: information from dry soil mixtures

Christopher BECKETT, Charles AUGARDE

期刊论文